Fake news e fact-checking: mapeamento de práticas de verificação utilizadas por agências de checagem sul-americanas

Abstract

This master dissertation has as its research theme fake news. This paper was based on a contemporary literature review and multiple case studies, guided by a multi-methodological approach that had as reference the model developed and adopted by the Grupo de Pesquisa em Jornalismo Online (GJOL). The purpose is to contribute to the reflection on the phenomenon of the spread of fake news - understood here as a produced and distributed content to deceiving, misinform, manipulate, reinforcing beliefs and destroying reputations – has implications for society in general and more specifically for democracy. The text brings elements that suggest that fake news has become the central point of communication strategies, especially those with a political bias, and questions what would be the role of platforms in this context, since they have become relevant distribution channels of disinformation and discourse of hate. Because of this scenario, there is a strengthening of the fact-checking movement in the world. An online search carried out on Fact-Checking platform – Duke Reporters' Lab identified 42 fact-checking initiatives in South America. The research problem proposed is: How South American fact-checking agencies proceed the fact-checking? And the main goal of this master dissertation is to identify and compare fact-checking methods used by these agencies. In the studied set, only 13 agencies appear in the International Fact-Checking Network list; 34 of them detail their classification system; 32 have their methodologies available for online access; and 30 describe the step by step of the activities carried out.