Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a composição corporal, perfil lipídico, força e hipertrofia muscular em HIV-soropositivos com e sem lipodistrofia

Abstract

Purpose: The therapeutic proposal Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), provided large increase the survival of patients infected with human the immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, individuals undergoing therapy (HAART) may develop HIV lipodystrophy syndrome (SLHIV) which is characterized by the redistribution body fat and anthropometric changes associated with diseases cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes among others. On the other hand, the resistance training (RT) is quoted as non-medication intervention for glycemic control and reducing insulin resistance and central obesity. Furthermore, it is our knowledge further studies have controlled intake macro and micronutrients in order to remove the confounding related to the phenotypic expression of body composition in HIV-seropositive. Aim: Investigate the effects of variables in TR anthropometric, biochemical, immunological, strength and quality of life in HIV-seropositive individuals with or without SLHIV. Methods: it is a quasi-experimental with pre and post-tests. Participated in this study 45 HIV positive (39.4 ± 11.0 years) of both sexes, which were randomly allocated into four groups: i) Lipodystrophy which exercise (LE, n = 12), ii) absence of lipodystrophy which exercise (SLE, n = 11), iii) Lipodystrophy without exercise (LSE, n = 11), iv) absence of lipodystrophy without exercise (SLSE, n = 11). The LE and SLE groups held three sessions weekly exercise, being carried out 10 repetitions at 80% of one maximum repetition (1MR). In all sessions were held exercises in supine, squat, lat back, leg curl, biceps, triceps and chair extension. Results: There was that measures of pre-test on variables total cholesterol (211.7 ± 24.3 vs. 192.4 ± 25.5 mg/dL), lipoprotein low density (131.3 ± 23.2 vs. 119.5 ± 17.1 mg/dL), triglycerides (175.5 ± 50.1 vs. 142.4 ± 33.3 mg/dL), fasting glucose (100.7 ± 19.9 vs. 84.4 ± 9.7 mg/dL), total subcutaneous fat (140.6 ± 52.3 vs. 122.5 ± 31.6 cm) and central (111.6 ± 44.9 vs. 82.7 ± 22.9 cm) and waist circumference (90.5 ± 12.7 vs. 78.9 ± 11.5 cm) were significantly (P <0.05) higher in groups with lipodystrophy (LE and LSE) compared to the others. However, these variables A significant reduction (P <0.05) after intervention in group LE suggesting a protective effect of TR in the manifestation of co-morbidities associated with continuous use of HAART. There was a significant increase (P <0.05) in force muscle and Bone-free upper arm muscle area (AMA) group LE SLE, the same was not true for the groups. Moreover, there was improvement significant (P <0.05) in all indicators of quality of life in groups LE and SLE, which was not observed in other groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that 24 weeks of RT significantly contribute to control adverse effects of the continued use of HAART and probably reduce manifestation of these abnormalities in patients without fat redistribution body.