Estudo do comportamento termodinâmico das áreas centrais de negócios de Brasília e de Taguatinga, Distrito Federal

Abstract

The study of the climate is part of the urban environmental dimension and has been contributed towards the matters of the environment of the cities. The understanding of the urban climate as an important component in the constitution of the environment is one of the greatest issues of the modern world. This essay gets methodological reference from the thermodynamic subsystem of the Urban Climate System UCB, proposed by Monteiro (1976) as a human perception form of the thermic confort. Its aim is to analyze the thermodynamic behavior in the central areas of the regions of study CBD , which are Plano Piloto and Taguatinga DF. The first one is a city planned according to the main determination of the Atenas Letter document elaborated during the International Congress of Modern Architecture in 1933 in Atenas, in which the fundamental thesis of urbanism is defended, and the second one was not planned and the purpose of its existence was to segregate the poor population. These two areas have been intensively suffering an urbanization process in the last decade and because of this, changes in the climate have been accured due to the presence of a great number of automobiles, deforastatation, overlaid soils, pavement and changes in the topography of the areas. These changes process have interfered in the energetic balance. The study was done in 15 different points in Plano Piloto and in 9 different ones in Taguatinga during the week and at weekends. Remote sensors were used and fieldwork was done to detect the surface and air temperature, humidity, wind speed, direction end the geographic position of the points chosen. The results prescuted a thermic variation of 0,5° to 1.5°C higher in Plano Piloto during the week and Taguatinga having a minimum variation in temperature of 3,1°C higher than Plano Piloto. This thermic behavior is a consequence of the heat urban islands that are formed. These heat islands effect not only the everyday activities of the population but its health as well, causing physical and mental problems. The use of remote sensors was of vital importance to the understanding of the thermodynamic components of the Urban Climate System. It also remarked how important it is to integrate the datas of both thermo and hiperspacious sensors to understand the dynamic urban temperature. The treatment of the urban climate can no longer be reconsidered by the urban modern society it should be part of any urban projects and should be an essential instrument for any government, administration, scientific community and society in general when making decisions to increase the quality of life in the urban centers.